安庆教育网
2019年高考英语考试大纲解读含试卷分析答题技巧(打包5套)详细信息
宜城教育资源网www.ychedu.com2019年高考英语考试大纲解读含试卷分析答题技巧(打包5套)专题04阅读理解《2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》(英语)中有关阅读的要求:要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等,并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能:(1)理解主旨要义;(2)理解文中具体信息;(3)根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义;(4)做出判断和推理;(5)理解文章的基本结构;(6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度。【解读】阅读是我国考生学习和使用外语的最主要途径,因此,阅读理解在试卷中占权重较大。该部分要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料,例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能: 2.理解文中具体信息文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持,这些细节信息对于理解全文内容至关重要,同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。具体信息有时可以直接从文章中获取,有时则需要进行归纳、概括和推断后才能得到。 3.根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义阅读文章时,常常会遇到一些过去未见过的单词和短语,但许多这类词语的含义可以通过上下文推断出来。这种不使用词典而通过阅读上下文来推断词语含义的能力,是一个合格的读者必须具备的能力,因此也是阅读理解部分经常考查的一种能力。 4.根据所读内容作出判断和推理在实际的阅读活动中,常常需要根据文章提供的事实和线索,进行逻辑推理,推测作者未明确提到的事实或某事件发展的趋势等。这种判断和推理的能力是阅读理解能力的重要构成部分,因而也是阅读理解部分重点考查的能力之一。 6.理解作者的意图、观点和态度每篇文章都有一个特定的写作目的,或是向读者传递某个信息,或是愉悦读者,或是讲授某个道理。而这些信息通常并不是明确表达出来,而是隐含在文章之中。因此,读者需要在理解文章总体内容的基础上,去领会作者的言外之意。【说明文】【样题】(2018·全国新课标I,D)Wemaythinkwe'reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(装置)wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That'sbadnewsfortheenvironment-andourwallets-astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife-fromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration.Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox-setTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndMP3players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn'tthrowoutouroldones."Theliving-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekids'room,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse,"saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2007.We'renotjustkeepingtheseolddevices-wecontinuetousethem.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbitt'steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions(排放)morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.Sowhat'sthesolution(解决方案)?Theteam'sdataonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.32.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?A.Theyareenvironment-friendly. B.Theyarenobetterthantheold.C.Theycostmoretouseathome. D.Theygooutofstylequickly.33.WhydidBabbitt'steamconducttheresearch?A.Toreducethecostofminerals. B.Totestthelifecycleofaproduct.C.Toupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.D.Tofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.34.Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?A.Thebox-setTV. B.Thetablet. C.TheLCDTV. D.Thedesktopcomputer.35.Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?A.Stopusingthem.  B.Takethemapart.C.Upgradethem.  D.Recyclethem.【文章大意】本文是一篇科普说明文。文章讲述了新旧电子设备的差别,旧电子设备耗能高、不环保。所以作者主张使用新电子设备。33.D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife 可知,Babbitt'steam研究的目的是弄清楚这些设备用了多少电。故选D。34.B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.可知,平板电脑是耗能最少的电子设备,可以降低44%的耗能。 故选B。35.A【解析】推理判断题。根据文章的整体内容可知,因为旧的电子设备耗能高,不环保。所以作者建议停止使用旧的电子设备。故选A。【议论文】【样题】(2018·全国新课标II,D)We'veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.What'stheproblem?It'spossiblethatweallhavecompromisedconversationalintelligence.It'smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit'sawkwardandchallenging,orwethinkit'sannoyingandunnecessary.Butthenexttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssayit'saninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits.Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan'tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn'tevenexistifitweren'tforcasualconversation.Smalltalkisthegrease(润滑剂)forsocialcommunication,saysBernardoCarducci,directoroftheShynessResearchInstituteatIndianaUniversitySoutheast."Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk,"heexplains."Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem."Ina2014study,ElizabethDunn,associateprofessorofpsychologyatUBC,invitedpeopleontheirwayintoacoffeeshop.Onegroupwasaskedtoseekoutaninteraction(互动)withitswaiter;theother,tospeakonlywhennecessary.Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience."It'snotthattalkingtothewaiterisbetterthantalkingtoyourhusband,"saysDunn."Butinteractionswithperipheral(边缘的)membersofoursocialnetworkmatterforourwell-beingalso."Dunnbelievesthatpeoplewhoreachouttostrangersfeelasignificantlygreatersenseofbelonging,abondwithothers.Carduccibelievesdevelopingsuchasenseofbelongingstartswithsmalltalk."Smalltalkisthebasisofgoodmanners,"hesays.32.Whatphenomenonisdescribedinthefirstparagraph?A.Addictiontosmartphones.B.Inappropriatebehavioursinpublicplaces.C.Absenceofcommunicationbetweenstrangers.D.Impatiencewithslowservice.33.WhatisimportantforsuccessfulsmalltalkaccordingtoCarducci?A.Showinggoodmanners.    B.Relatingtootherpeople.C.Focusingonatopic.    D.Makingbusinessdeals.34.Whatdoesthecoffee-shopstudysuggestaboutsmalltalk?A.Itimprovesfamilyrelationships.  B.Itraisespeople'sconfidence.C.Itmattersasmuchasaformaltalk. D.Itmakespeoplefeelgood.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ConversationCounts    B.WaysofMakingSmallTalkC.BenefitsofSmallTalk    D.UncomfortableSilence【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。在当今社会,人们在公共场合或沉迷于智能手机,或与不舒服的沉默抗争,陌生人之间缺乏沟通。但人与人之间是需要适当的交谈闲聊的,闲聊是人际关系社会交往必不可少的部分,而且也有很多好处。32.C【解析】主旨大意题。题干问的是:第一段描述了什么现象。在公共场合(比如在电梯里,在银行排队,或在飞机上)人们深深地专注于他们的智能手机,或者更糟糕的是,与不舒服的沉默抗争。有此可知,陌生人之间缺乏沟通。A项意为:沉迷于智能手机。B项意为:在公共场所不适当的行为。C项意为:陌生人之间缺乏沟通。D项意为:对缓慢的服务不耐烦。故选C项。34.D【解析】推理判断题。题干问的是:咖啡店的研究对闲聊有什么建议。根据第四段的调查结果可知,那些与服务员聊天的人,有显著的积极情绪和更好的咖啡店体验。由此可知,D项符合题意。A项意为:闲聊改善了家庭关系。B项意为:闲聊提高了人们的信心。C项意为:闲聊和正式谈话一样重要。D项意为:闲聊让人感觉很好。故选D项。35.C【解析】主旨大意题。整篇文章刚开始介绍了社会的现象(公共场合人们沉迷于智能手机,陌生人之间缺乏沟通交流),接着分析了这一问题的原因,接下来有专家对闲聊进行了研究,最后得出结论,闲聊都有什么样的好处。A项意为:谈话很重要。B项意为:闲聊的方法。C项意为:闲聊的好处。D项意为:不舒服的沉默。故选C项。题型2七选五型阅读理解 阅读理解七选五侧重考查考生的逻辑思维能力,要求考生在语篇层面对文章整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义进行把握。其命题形式体现了新课标对考生用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力的要求。文章体裁以说明文为主,语篇模式较为固定:提出问题--提供解决方案。文章题材较为固定:与学生的日常生活、学习紧密相关。近三年新课标全国卷高考七选五实况分析:年份 卷别 体裁 词数 题材 话题2018 全国卷I 说明文 259 家庭生活 室内设计中颜色的选择问题 全国卷II 说明文 223 社会生活 列举了早晨锻炼对人身体的四条好处 全国卷III 说明文 195 社会生活 介绍了跳舞的好处2017 全国卷I 记叙文 225 个人生活 作者对野营活动由抵触到喜欢的转变过程 全国卷II 说明文 196 工作 如何避免工作时被打断 全国卷III 说明文 244 个人生活 如何做计划建立好生物钟,保持早睡早起的好习惯2016 全国卷I 说明文 195 文化科技 密码的设置方法和破解的方法 全国卷II 说明文 262 家庭生活 自己建设花园的具体建议 全国卷III 说明文 201 家庭生活 买鱼和烧鱼的常识 2018年高考对七选五的考查将更多地涉及所填句子和所在段落主题的呼应以及空白处与上下句之间的一致性。考生要想做好此类题目,必须注意:话题的一致性,代词指代的一致性,句式的一致性,数字列举的一致性以及段落结构对空白处所填内容的影响。【样题】(2018·全国新课标II)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Colorisfundamentalinhomedesign-somethingyou'llalwayshaveineveryroom.Agraspofhowtomanagecolorinyourspacesisoneofthefirststepstocreatingroomsyou'lllovetolivein.Doyouwantaroomthat'sfulloflife?Professional?Orareyoujustlookingforaplacetorelaxafteralongday?36,coloristhekeytomakingaroomfeelthewayyouwantittofeel.Overtheyears,therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint.37,theycangetalittlecomplex.Butgoodnewsisthatthere'rereallyonlythreekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome:thesmallones,themediumones,andthelargeones.38.They'rethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows,mirrorsandbasketsthatmostofususetoaddvisualinteresttoourrooms.Lesstiringthanpaintingyourwallsandlessexpensivethanbuyingacolorfulsofa,smallcolorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasilychangeable.Mediumcolorchoicesaregenerallyfurniturepiecessuchassofas,dinnertablesorbookshelves.39.Theyrequireabiggercommitmentthansmallerones,andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace.Thelargecolordecisionsinyourroomsconcernthewalls,ceilings,andfloors.Whetheryou'relookingatwallpaperorpaint,thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant.40.A.WhileallofthemareusefulB.Whateveryou'relookingforC.Ifyou'reexperimentingwithacolorD.Smallcolorchoicesaretheoneswe'remostfamiliarwithE.It'snotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpiecesF.Soitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttimeG.Colorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了室内设计中颜色的选择问题。38.D【解析】本空是一个主题句,总说选择小颜色是我们很熟悉的方法。后文分说小颜色的具体用途。故选D。39.G【解析】根据前文"中型颜色选择通常是指一些例如沙发,餐桌或者书架等家具的颜色选择"接着表明这种范围的颜色选择是对小型颜色选择在两种方式上的进一步提示,故选G。40.F【解析】前文thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant你所付诸的时间、精力和相关的费用是巨大的。后文F那肯定是值得的,因为你想第一次把它弄好。故选F。 宜城教育资源网www.ychedu.com
2019年高考英语考试大纲解读含试卷分析答题技巧(打包5套)
宜城教育资源网免费提供课件、试题、教案、学案、教学反思设计等备课资源。数百万资源,无须注册,天天更新!
宜城教育资源网
免责声明 :本站资源版权归原著作人所有,如果我们转载的作品侵犯了您的权利,请通知我们,我们会及时删除。
宜城教育资源网主办 站长:此地宜城 邮箱:yrqsxp@163.com  QQ:290085779