过去完成进行时用法

1.表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作。

2.过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到这一过去时间。

3.和过去完成时一样，过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提。

4.表示反复的动作。

5.过去完成进行时还常用于间接引语中。

6.过去完成进行时之后也可接具有“突然”之意的when分句。

过去完成进行时：

就是相对过去的某个时刻来说已经对现在有直接影响并且还在进行的动作。放在间接引语或虚拟语气中时它的时态不能再向前推，向后推是现在完成进行时。

过去完成进行时是由"had been+现在分词"构成。

例如：She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.

            她在考试之前一直患重感冒。

特点：

1.这种时态很少用在否定句中，而多以过去完成时代替：

He had not practised English for many years．（普通说法）

He had not been practising English for many years．（少见）

2.这种时态还可用在said，supposed等引起的间接引语中，代替现在完成进行时：

He said，“I have been speaking to John．”= He said that he had been speaking to John．

He thought，“She was watching me when I passed．”= He thought that she had been watching him when he had passed．

3.过去完成进行时经常与现在完成进行时混淆。

现在完成进行时 (The present perfect progressive) 由 have/has been +-ing 分词构成；

过去完成进行时（ The past perfect progressive tenses ）由 had been +-ing 分词构成．

现在/过去完成进行时的用法：

A. 在某段时间内一直进行的动作用现在完成进行时来强调动作在某段时间里的持续性．

动作通常有"现在"的结果，要根据上下文来确定到"现在"为止，动作是否还在继续进行．

同样，过去完成进行时表示在过去更早时间内进行的动作,并对过去某一时刻产生结果。

B.表示重复动作的现在/过去完成进行时

我们也可以用完成进行时形式来表示现在或过去经常重复的动作

注意：过去完成进行时和过去完成时类似，需要有过去这一时间点。

过去完成进行时与过去完成时比较：

过去完成进行时与过去完成时的用法很相近，它通常表示某个过去正在进行的动作或状态，持续到过去某个时刻，还未完成，一直持续到之后的当前才结束

He had been waiting for two weeks． He was still waiting．（有一个表示一段时间的状语）

Up to that time he had been translating those books．（He was still translating at “that time”．）

He had been writing the letter till two o'clock．

He was now thirty years old．He had been gambling since he was ten．（He was still gambling at thirty．）

He had been standing there in the sun．（没有时间状语）

He had been thinking about his marriage．

不过这种时态并不一定表示这个过去动作将持续下去：

He came back at seven．He had been waiting for her two hours．（At seven he did not wait any more．）

He stopped swimming．He had been swimming for the last three hours．