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非谓语动词用法-非谓语动词语法归纳-非谓语动词语法知识详细信息
宜城教育资源网www.ychedu.com非谓语动词用法-非谓语动词语法归纳-非谓语动词语法知识非谓语动词语态用法详解一、不定式的被动语态不定式的被动语态由"tobe+过去分词"构成,其用法与不定式的主动形式相似,只是表示被动意义。如:Tobeattackedbytheenemyisnotabadthing,butagoodthing.被敌人反对是好事,不是坏事。(作主语)Heaskedtobekeptinformedaboutdevelopments.他要求随时向他报告发展情况。(作宾语)Thepointstobediscussedcanbebroughtunderthreemainheadings.所论各点可以归为三个主要方面。(作定语)Heknockedatthewindowtobeletin.他敲敲窗户要进来。(作状语)Thecasewastooheavytobecarriedbyachild.箱子太重了,孩子搬不动。(作状语)Themedicineistobetakenthreetimesaday,preferablybeforemeals.这药一天吃三次,最好饭前吃。(作表语)二者都可表示普遍的、一般的的真理、见解或信念等。eg:Todomorningexercises/Doingmorningexercisesisgoodforyourhealth.⒉不定式表示尚未发生的动作;动名词暗示已经存在。eg:Myfatherisamillionaire,buthavingmoneydoesn'tmeaneverything.⒊动名词表示一般的经验;不定式表示具体的、特定的事例、意见或理论。eg:①Ipreferswimmingtofishing.②Iliketoswimintheriverbecauseit'stoohottoday.⒋不定式和动名词都有对称性。eg:①Toseeistobelieve.②Seeingisbelieving.⒌作主语时todo,doing的区别⑴表示泛指、一般、抽象或一个已经完成了的动作时,强调的是事情本身,多用动名词doing作主语。⑵表示具体某一次行为,特别是将来的动作时,强调的是动词本身,必须用不定式作主语。注:表示泛指意义时,多用动名词doing(也可用动词不定式todo)⒍作宾语时todo,doing的区别⑴doing表示泛指,一般,经常性,习惯性的动作。⑵todo表示特定,具体,将来的动作。⒎作表语时todo,doing的区别⑴表示一般的概念时,二者可以互换。⑵表示具体的动作或将来的行为时,应用不定式todo。⒏不定式todo,现在分词doing作补语时的区别⑴不定式todo作补语表示宾语所做的动作或者和宾语有表语关系,表示状态、特性、身份等。另外,不定式可作使役动词、感官动词的补语,表示动作的完成或已经结束。⑵doing表示动作与主语动作同时发生或进行。Hesaidthathewishedittobepublishedinitspresentform.他说他希望以其现有的形式出版。(作宾语补足语)【几点说明】1.有时不定式用完成被动式。如:Noharmseemstohavebeendone.似乎没有造成损失。2.begoingto后接被动结构。如:Themeetingisgoingtobeputoff.会议将要延期。3.oughtto后接被动结构。如:Suchactivitiesoughttobeprohibited.这种活动应当禁止。4.hasto,haveto,hadto后接被动结构。如:Hebrokehislegduringthematchandhadtobecarriedoff.他在比赛中撞断了腿而被抬走。5.beabout(due)to后接被动结构。如:Theworkisabouttobefinished.这工作即将完成。二、现在分词的被动语态现在分词的被动语态由"being+过去分词"构成,其用法与现在分词的主动形式相似,只是表示被动意义。如:Isawhimbeingtakenawaybythepolice.我看到他正被警察带走。(作宾补)Thebuildingbeingrepairedisourlibrary.正在维修的那座楼是我们的图书馆。(作定语)Beingwritteninhaste,thecompositionisfullofmistakes.这篇文章仓卒写就,故错误百出。(作状语)【用法说明】有时现在分词用完成被动式。如:Havingbeeninvitedtospeak,I'llstartmakingpreparationstomorrow.因为邀请我去讲话,我明天就得做准备。三、动名词的被动语态动名词的被动语态由"being+过去分词"构成,其用法与动名词的主动形式相似,只是表示被动意义。如:Beinglostcanbeaterrifyingexperience.迷路可能是一种很可怕的经历。(作主语)Hedyedhisbeardtoavoidbeingrecognized.他染了胡子,以免我们认出他。(作宾语)【用法说明】有时动名词用完成被动式。如:Thesafeshowednosignsofhavingbeentouched.保险箱没有被人动过的痕迹。四、过去分词没有被动式过去分词没有被动形式,因为它本身就可以表示被动意义。如:Carsparkedillegallywillberemoved.非法停的车要被拉走。(作定语)Herjobwastotakecareofthewoundedsoldier.她的工作就是照料这个伤员。(作定语)Nevertouchanelectricwirewhenitisbroken.绝不要动断了的电线。(作表语)Incamethefirstrunner,closelyfollowedbythesecond.第一位赛跑者进来了,紧跟着第二位也进来了。(作状语)Icouldn'tmakemyselfheardabovethenoise.我的声音被喧闹声淹没了。(作宾语补足语)Idon'tspeakgoodFrench,butIcanmakemyselfunderstood.我说不好法语,但我能使别人听懂我的话。(作宾语补足语)【用法说明】与不定式、现在分词、动名词均有完成被动式不同,过去分词不仅没有被动式(因为过去分词本身可表示被动),而且也没有完成式(因为过去分词本身可表示完成)。【相关训练】01.Welookedeverywhereforthekeys,buttheyarenowhere_________.A.tofindB.tohavefoundC.tobefoundD.beingfound02.Itremains_________whethertheoperationwassuccessful.A.seenB.tobeseenC.seeingD.tosee03.I'llhavetochangemyclothesbeforeIgoout-Idon'twant_________likethis.A.toseeB.tobeseeingC.tobeseenD.beingseen04.Arailwaystationisnoplaceforachild_________aloneatnight.A.leaveB.leavingC.tobeleavingD.tobeleft05.-Doyouhaveanything_________,ProfessorSmith?-No,thanks.A.totypeB.typingC.tobetypedD.beingtyped06.ThecaseagainstMr.Whiteissaid_________tomorrow.A.tohearB.beingheardC.tobeheardD.beingheard07.Shegotthere_________thattheyhadgoneonholiday.A.onlytobetoldB.onlytellingC.onlytoldD.onlyhavingtold08._________whereveryougoisthepriceyoupayforbeingfamous.A.BeingrecognizedB.TohaverecognizedC.RecognizingD.Havingrecognized09.After_________theflightwouldbedelayed,wemadeotherarrangements.A.informingB.beinginformedC.toinformD.tobeinformed10.Hewastakentohospitalafter_________byacar.A.beinghitB.tobehitC.havinghitD.tobehitting11.-They'llgettheirmoneyback.-Ishouldhopesotoo,after_________likethat.A.beingtreatedB.tobetreatedC.treatingD.treated12.Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan'thelp_________intobuyingsomethingtheydon'treallyneed.A.topersuadeB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded13.Thewhiskyisbottledherebefore_________abroad.A.sentB.sendingC.beingsentD.havingsent14.IfoundIcouldeasilymakemyself_________byusingsignlanguage.A.understoodB.understandC.tounderstandD.beingunderstood15.Themeeting,_________overfivethousandpeople,welcomedtheChinesedelegation.A.attendingB.tobeattendingC.beingattendedD.attendedby16.Thewindow_________inthestormhasnowbeenrepaired.A.brokenB.tobreakC.beingbrokenD.havingbroken17.Ithinkthepartywasgreat,allthings_________-Imeanwedidn'thavemuchtimetoprepareandnohelp,butitstillwentwell.A.consideringB.consideredC.toconsiderD.beingconsidered18._________inhiscar,thepopsingerwavedtothecrowd.A.SeatingB.SeatedC.ToseatD.Beingseated19.Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoor_________.A.waslockedB.lockedC.lockingD.beinglocked20.Itcanbecheapertobuyanewwashingmachinethantogetyouroldone_________.A.repairedB.torepairC.repairingD.havingrepaired【答案】01-05CBCDC06-10CAABA11-15ACCAD16-20ABBBA 宜城教育资源网www.ychedu.com
非谓语动词用法-非谓语动词语法归纳-非谓语动词语法知识
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