宜城教育资源网www.ychedu.com 可数名词的复数形式变化规则
(1)规则变化:①一般情况:词尾加-s;在清辅音后读[s],在浊辅音或原元音后读[z]。如:boy-boys;German-Germans ②以ce, se, ze, (d)ge等结尾:词尾加-s;-es读作[iz]。如:orange-oranges;exercise-exercises ③以s, x, ch, sh结尾:词尾加-es;-es读作[iz]。如:bus-buses;box-boxes;watch-watches;wish-wishes ④以辅音字母加y结尾:变y为i,再加-es;-ies读作[iz]。如:baby-babies;family-families ⑤以f或fe结尾:变f或fe为v,再加-es;-ves读作[vz]。如:knife-knives;leaf-leaves ⑥以o结尾:辅音字母加-o结尾,加-es;读作[z]。如:potato-potatoes;tomato-tomatoes;外来词、缩略词或元音字母加-y结尾,加-s;读作[z]。如:photo-photos;piano-pianos;radio-radios (2)不规则变化:①单复数同形。如:sheep, fish, Chinese, Japanese, deer ②特殊变化。如:child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, mouse-mice, man-men, woman-women ③合成名词。以man, woman开头的合成词,前后都变成复数。如:man teacher - men teachers, woman doctor -women doctors;以man, woman结尾的合成词,将man, woman变成复数。如:Englishman-Englishmen;Frenchwoman-Frenchwomen;一般合成名词,只将主体名词变成复数。如:boy friend-boy friends, girl student-girl students
常见单数与复数同形的名词
sheep 绵羊 fish 鱼 deer 鹿 Chinese 中国人 Japanese 日本人 Portuguese 葡萄牙人 Swiss 瑞士人 aircraft 飞行器 means 方法 series 系列 head (牛等的)头数 works 工厂 宜城教育资源网www.ychedu.com |